BIOADSORBENT POTENTIAL OF CHITOSAN FROM PORTUNUS SANGUINOLENTUS AND FENNEROPENAEUS INDICUS SHELLS FOR PROTEIN AND HEAVY METAL REMOVAL
Abstract
Industrialisation causes a tremendous amount of water pollution, especially from the addition of heavy metals and organic pollutants to aquatic ecosystems. The present study is focused on the extraction and characterization of chitosan from the shell waste of two marine species, Portunus sanguinolentus and Fenneropenaeus indicus. The effectiveness of this chitosan as bioadsorbents for the removal of proteins and heavy metals from the industrial wastewater was also evaluated. Chitosan was extracted by chemical treatments and characterized for yield, moisture, ash content, solubility, viscosity, degree of deacetylation and water and fat binding capacities. The results showed that the chitosan content was higher in F. indicus shells, while the chitosan from P. sanguinolentus showed higher solubility and water binding capacity. The protein flocculation and heavy metal chelation assays proved that chitosan obtained from both species has significant flocculants and chelating properties with higher efficiency in protein flocculation and metal adsorption for chitosan obtained from F. indicus especially for Zn and Fe ions. The findings emphasize the possibility of utilizing shell waste derived chitosan as an inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and efficient approach for the remediation of industrial effluents, promoting the advancement of sustainable and environmentally sound wastewater treatment solutions.
Keywords:
Portunus sanguinolentus, Fenneropenaeus indicus, Chitosan, Bioadsorption, Heavy metals, Protein flocculation
References
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33. Yang R, Li H, Huang M, Yang H, Li A. A review on chitosan-based flocculants and their applications in water treatment. Water Research. 2016;95:59–89.
34. Farhan S, De Silva SM, Rajapakse CS. Determination of potential use of chitosan for the removal of Pb, Fe and Mn in the water samples collected from different areas of Sri Lanka. Technical Session–Mineral Resources Technology. 2015 Jan 29:31.
35. Gamage A, Shahidi F. Use of chitosan for the removal of metal ion contaminants and proteins from water. Food Chemistry. 2007;104:989–996.
36. Shanmugapriya A, Ramya R, Ramasubramaniam S, Sudha PN. Studies on removal of Cr(VI) and Cu(II) ions using chitosan grafted-polyacrylonitrile. Archives of Applied Science Research. 2011;3(3):424–435.
37. De Silva RT, Mantilaka MM, Ratnayake SP, Amaratunga GA, de Silva KN. Nano-MgO reinforced chitosan nanocomposites for high performance packaging applications with improved mechanical, thermal and barrier properties. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2017;157:739–747.
2. Ahmad M, Ahmed S, Swami BL, Ikram S. Adsorption of heavy metal ions: role of chitosan and cellulose for water treatment. International Journal of Pharmacognosy. 2015;2(6):280–289.
3. Ahmad M, Manzoor K, Chaudhuri RR, Ikram S. Thiocarbohydrazide cross-linked oxidized chitosan and poly(vinyl alcohol): a green framework as efficient Cu(II), Pb(II), and Hg(II) adsorbent. Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data. 2017;62(7):2044–2055.
4. Sacco LD, Masotti A. Chitin and chitosan as multipurpose natural polymers for groundwater arsenic removal and As₂O₃ delivery in tumor therapy. Marine Drugs. 2010;8(5):1518–1525.
5. Choi M, Furlong ET, Moon HB, Yu J, Choi HG. Contamination of nonylphenolic compounds in creek water, wastewater treatment plant effluents, and sediments from Lake Shihwa and vicinity, Korea: comparison with fecal pollution. Chemosphere. 2011;85(9):1406–1413.
6. Adamczuk A, Kołodynska D. Equilibrium, thermodynamic and kinetic studies on removal of chromium, copper, zinc and arsenic from aqueous solutions onto fly ash coated by chitosan. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2015;274:200–212.
7. Aragay G, Pons J, Merkoc A. Recent trends in macro, micro, and nanomaterial-based tools and strategies for heavy-metal detection. Chemical Reviews. 2011;111:3433–3458.
8. Zhou YB, Tang XY, Hu XM, Fritschi S, Lu J. Emulsified oily wastewater treatment using a hybrid-modified resin and activated carbon system. Separation and Purification Technology. 2008;63:400–406.
9. Ali I, Asim M, Khan TA. Low-cost adsorbents for the removal of organic pollutants from wastewater. Journal of Environmental Management. 2012;113:170–183.
10. Mudhoo A, Garg VK, Wang S. Removal of heavy metals by biosorption. Environmental Chemistry Letters. 2012;10(1):9–117.
11. Ramesh HP, Tharanathan RN. Carbohydrates—the renewable raw materials of high biotechnological value. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology. 2003;23(2):149–173.
12. Wan Ngah WS, Teong LC, Hanafiah MAKM. Adsorption of dyes and heavy metal ions by chitosan composites: A review. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2011;83:1446–1456.
13. Younes I, Rinaudo M. Chitin and chitosan preparation from marine sources: Structure, properties and applications. Marine Drugs. 2015;13(3):1133–1174.
14. Shahidi F, Synowiecki J. Isolation and characterization of nutrients and value-added products from snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) and shrimp (Pandalus borealis) processing discards. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 1991;39(8):1527–1532.
15. Yen MT, Yang JH, Mau JL. Physicochemical characterization of chitin and chitosan from crab shells. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2009;75:15–21.
16. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 15th ed. Washington, DC: Association of Official Analytical Chemists; 1990.
17. Fernandez-Kim SO. Physicochemical and functional properties of crawfish chitosan as affected by different processing protocols. MSc Dissertation. Seoul National University; 2004. p. 107.
18. Kjartansson GT. Extraction and functional properties of ultrasonicated chitin and chitosan from crustacean byproducts. University of Massachusetts Amherst; 2008.
19. Ocloo FCK, Quayson ET, Adu-Gyamfi A, Quarcoo EA, Asare D, Serfor-Armah Y, Woode BK. Physicochemical and functional characteristics of radiation-processed shrimp chitosan. Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 2011;80:837–841.
20. Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry. 1976;72:248–254.
21. Chui VWD, Mok KW, Ng CY, Ma KK. Removal and recovery of copper (II), chromium (I) and nickel (II) from solutions using crude shrimp chitin packed in small columns. Environment International. 1996;22(4):463–468.
22. Strusczyk M. Global requirements for medical applications of chitin and its derivatives. Polish Chitin Society. 2006. p. 98.
23. Kucukgulmez A, Celik M, Yanar Y. Physicochemical characterization of chitosan extracted from Metapenaeusstebbingi shells. Food Chemistry. 2011;126(3):1144–1148.
24. No HK, Meyers SP. Preparation and characterization of chitin and chitosan: a review. Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology. 1995;4(2):27–52.
25. Rinaudo M. Chitin and chitosan: properties and applications. Progress in Polymer Science. 2006;31(7):603–632.
26. Moorjani MN, Achutha V, Khasim DI. Parameters affecting the viscosity of chitosan from prawn waste. Journal of Food Science and Technology. 1975;12:187–191.
27. Martino AD, Sittinger M, Risbud MV. Chitosan: a versatile biopolymer for orthopaedic tissue engineering. Biomaterials. 2005;26:5983–5990.
28. Cho YI, No HK, Meyers SP. Physicochemical characteristics and functional properties of various commercial chitin and chitosan products. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 1998;46:3839–3843.
29. Fernandez M, Fox PF. Fractionation of cheese nitrogen using chitosan. Food Chemistry. 1997;58:319–322.
30. Selmer Olsen E, Ratnaweera HC, Pehrson R. A novel treatment process for dairy wastewater with chitosan produced from shrimp-shell waste. Water Science and Technology. 1996;34:33–40.
31. Ausar SF, Blanco ID, Badini RG, Castagna LF, Modesti NM, Landa CA, Beltrano DM. Characterization of casein micelle precipitation by chitosans. Journal of Dairy Science. 2001;84:361–369.
32. Mukhopadhyay R, Talukdar D, Chatterjee BP, Guha AK. Whey processing with chitosan and isolation of lactose. Process Biochemistry. 2003;39:381–385.
33. Yang R, Li H, Huang M, Yang H, Li A. A review on chitosan-based flocculants and their applications in water treatment. Water Research. 2016;95:59–89.
34. Farhan S, De Silva SM, Rajapakse CS. Determination of potential use of chitosan for the removal of Pb, Fe and Mn in the water samples collected from different areas of Sri Lanka. Technical Session–Mineral Resources Technology. 2015 Jan 29:31.
35. Gamage A, Shahidi F. Use of chitosan for the removal of metal ion contaminants and proteins from water. Food Chemistry. 2007;104:989–996.
36. Shanmugapriya A, Ramya R, Ramasubramaniam S, Sudha PN. Studies on removal of Cr(VI) and Cu(II) ions using chitosan grafted-polyacrylonitrile. Archives of Applied Science Research. 2011;3(3):424–435.
37. De Silva RT, Mantilaka MM, Ratnayake SP, Amaratunga GA, de Silva KN. Nano-MgO reinforced chitosan nanocomposites for high performance packaging applications with improved mechanical, thermal and barrier properties. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2017;157:739–747.
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V, R. B., J, L. M., & B, S. S. (2026). BIOADSORBENT POTENTIAL OF CHITOSAN FROM PORTUNUS SANGUINOLENTUS AND FENNEROPENAEUS INDICUS SHELLS FOR PROTEIN AND HEAVY METAL REMOVAL. Journal of Integral Sciences, 9(1), 43-50. https://doi.org/10.37022/jis.v9i1.146
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