Review on inguinal hernia in children

Nagalakshmaiah Yadavalli; Revathi Sarvepalli; Penabaka Venugopalaiah; Prapurna Chandra Y

doi:10.37022/jis.v8i1.97

Yadavalli Nagalakshmaiah B. Pharmacy, IV Year, Ratnam Institute of Pharmacy, Pidathapolur (V & P), Muthukur (M), SPSR Nellore District-524 346, Andhra Pradesh.
Sarvepalli Revathi Associate professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ratnam Institute of Pharmacy, Pidathapolur (V & P), Muthukur (M), SPSR Nellore District-524 346, Andhra Pradesh.
Venugopalaiah Penabaka Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ratnam Institute of Pharmacy, Pidathapolur (V & P), Muthukur (M), SPSR Nellore District-524 346, Andhra Pradesh.
Y Prapurna Chandra Principal and Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Ratnam Institute of Pharmacy, Pidathapolur (V & P), Muthukur (M), SPSR Nellore District-524 346, Andhra Pradesh

DOI https://doi.org/10.37022/jis.v8i1.97

Abstract

Inguinal hernia is frequently diagnosed by clinical exam. Imaging tests are recommended in the absence of definitive signs or associated symptoms that indicate complications. Ultrasonography (US) is the most common method used for examination of the various types of hernias. Inguinal hernias are the most prevalent type of hernia. US (grayscale or color Doppler ultrasonography) are suggested for examining inguinal hernias. CT is used to differentiate inguinal and femoral hernia based on the correlation between the hernia sac and pubic tubercle. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is favored for diagnosing occult inguinal hernias when there are constraints associated with US and computed tomography (CT); or a lack of definitive diagnostic results Inguinal hernia is an acquired or congenital condition wherein the abdominal cavity contents protrude into the inguinal canal. In men, the testes migrate from the abdomen into the scrotum through the inguinal canal. Thus, men (more than women) are more likely to develop an indirect inguinal hernia. An indirect hernia can occur congenitally. Indirect inguinal hernias present on the lateral side of the Hesselbach triangle and enter the inguinal canal through the deep or internal inguinal ring. Direct inguinal hernias constitute inguinal hernias that protrude through the Hesselbach triangle, remaining medial and caudal to the inguinal canal’s origin at the internal inguinal ring. These hernias are common in older males and carry a lower risk of strangulation. The characteristic sign of a direct hernia on CT is a lateral fat crescent.

Keywords: Hernia Belt, Laparoscopic Repair, Male Infertility, ManeuverIncisional hernia, Encapsulated seroma, Giant pseudocyst

References

1. Ruiz Funes MAP, Farell RJ, Marmolejo CA, Sosa LAJ, Cruz ZA (2020) Abordaje de hernias poco frecuentes por cirugía de mínimo acceso: serie de casos. Rev Mex Cir Endoscop 21: 6-14.
2. Magnus H, Anders B, Westerdahl J (2008) Laparoscopic ex traperitoneal inguinal hernia repair versus open mesh repair: long-term follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Surgery 143: 313-317.
3. Bittner R, Bain K, Bansal VK, Berrevoet F, Bingener Casey J, et al. (2019) Update of Guidelines for laparoscopic treatment of ventral and incisional abdominal wall hernias (Internation J Anesth Pain Med, 2020 al Endo hernia Society (IEHS))-Part A. Surg Endosc 33:3069 3139.
4. Cruz Alonso JR (2007) (Endohernioplasty. Technical details. Arch Cir Gen Dig [series on the Internet].
5. Carbonell Tatay F (2001) Hernia inguinocrural. Valencia: Ethicon 2001: 141-142.
6. DeLoach LJ, Higgins MS, Caplan AB, Stiff JL (1998) The Visual Analog Scale in the immediate postoperative period: intrasubject variability and correlation with a numeric scale. Anesth Analg 86: 102-106.
7. Halligan S, Parker SG, Plumb AA, Windsor AC (2018) Im aging complex ventral hernias, their surgical repair, and their complications. Eur radiol 28: 3560-3569.
8. Henriksen NA, Kaufmann R, Simons MP, Berrevoet F, East B, et al. (2020) EHS and AHS guidelines for treatment of pri mary ventral hernias in rare locations or special circumstanc es. BJS open 4: 342-353.
9. León González OC, López Rodríguez PR, Danta Fundora LM, Satorre Rocha JA, García Castillo E, et al. (2019) Ingui nal Hernia Repair by Laparascopy. Surg Cas Stud op Acc J 7: 679- 682.
10. Bórquez MP, Garrido OL, Manterola DC, Peña P, Schlageter C, et al. (2003) Estudio de fibras colágenas y elásticas del teji do conjuntivo de pacientes con y sin hernia inguinal primaria. Rev Méd Chile 131: 1273-1279.
11. Martínez JD, Colín GR (2017) Hernioplastia inguinal en doscópica total extraperitoneal (TEP). Experiencia de nues tros primeros 100 casos en un hospital de segundo nivel. Re vista Mexicana de Cirugía Endoscópica 18: 73-77.
12. Martin Gómez M (2018) Cirugía Laparoscópica de la hernia inguinal: TEP. Datos de la publicación 29: 174-177.
13. Palmisano EM, Martínez JD, García MM, González JD (2018) Maniobras claves y trucos en TEP. Rev Hispanoamer ican Hernia 6: 86-90.
14. Hernia Surge Group (2018) International guidelines for groin hernia management. Hernia 22: 1-165.
15. Liu J, Zhu Y, Shen Y, Liu S, Wang M, et al. (2017) The feasi bility of laparoscopic management of incarcerated obturator hernia. Surg Endosc 31: 656-660.
16. Morera Pérez M, Roque González R, González León T, Sán chez Piñero RO, Olivé González JB. Cirugía Abdominal en el adulto mayor. Rev Cubana Cir. 58: 1. Copyright: ©2021 Pedro Rolando López Rodríguez, et al. This is an
17. Bowen JR, Thompson WR, Dorman BA, Soderberg CH, Shahinian TK. Change in the management of adult groin hernia. American Journal of Surgery 1977;135:564–3.
18. Malik AM, Khan A, Talpur K, Hussain A; Laghari AA. Open mesh repair of different hernias. Is the technique free of complications? BJMP 2009;2(3):38.
19. Khan N, Naeem M, Bangash A, Asadullah, Sadiq M, Hamid H. Early outcome of Lichtenstein technique of tension-free open mesh repair for inguinal hernia. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2008;20(4):29-33.
20. Millikan K, Cummings B, Doolas A. Prospective study of the mesh plug hernioplasty. Journal of American College of Surgery 2001;67:285-9.
21. Post S, Weiss B, Willer M, Neufang T, Lorenz D. Randomized clinical trial of lightweight composite mesh for Lichtenstein inguinal hernia repair. British Journal of Surgery 2004;91:44–8.
22. Millikan K, Cummings B, Doolas A. Prospective study of the mesh plug hernioplasty. Journal of American College of Surgery 2001;67:285-9.
23. Schumpelick V, Klinge U. The properties and clinical effects of various types of mesh used in hernia repair. Association of Great Britain and Ireland (Yearbook) 2001.
24. Francoisi C, Romano F, Ancaprotti R. Hernia repair with prolene mesh according to Lichtenstein technique results of 692 cases. Minerva Chir 2000; 55.
25. Kingsnoth A. Lichtenstein patch or mesh plug and patch in inguinal hernia. A prospective double randomized controlled trial of short term outcome Surgery. Journal of American College of Surgery 2000;27(3):27.
26. Masum M. Tension free open mesh repair of inguinal hernia – a study of 100 cases.[Dissertation]. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. Dhaka 2013.
27. Ahmed A. Output of Lichtenstein repair of inguinal hernia in Khulna medical college and hospital, Khulna [dissertation]. Department of Surgery. Khulna Medical College and Hospital, Khulna, Bangladesh. 2012