Review article on formulation and evaluation of salicylic acid face serum

Abstract

Salicylic acid and niacinamide–based serums have become essential in modern dermatological and cosmetic formulations for blackheads and whiteheads treatment, acne management, exfoliation, sebum regulation, pore cleansing, and treating uneven skin tone. The combination of salicylic acid, niacinamide, propylene glycol, sodium citrate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium benzoate, glycerine, and distilled water offers a stable, effective, non-irritant, water-based serum without the need for hyaluronic acid. Salicylic acid acts as the primary exfoliant and comedolytic agent while niacinamide strengthens the skin barrier, reduces inflammation, and minimizes hyperpigmentation. Glycerine acts as humectant and sodium citrate acts as buffering agent which contribute to pH balance, stability, skin hydration, and optimal drug delivery This article reviews the role of each ingredient, mechanism of action, formulation approach, evaluation parameters, and therapeutic benefits. Results from our research confirm that salicylic acid serums are highly effective in acne reduction, oil control, and pore purification Niacinamide enhances overall tolerability and supports skin barrier  This formulation remains clear, stable, and aesthetically acceptable